Pdf the muslim brotherhood and the crisis in the gcc. The syrian conflict offers a unique opportunity for the muslim brotherhood to. It is also emerging as a significant presence in rebelheld. From all the branches of the syrian muslim brotherhood, the syrian one is the less. The muslim brotherhood was founded in 1928 by hassan albanna, an egyptian schoolteacher, who preached implementing traditional islamic sharia law in all aspects of life, from everyday problems to the organization of the government. This war is real introducon and explanaon of the 49 year. Stakes are high for the islamist organization, which has been painfully seeking to rebuild its image and influence inside syria after thirty years in exile. Only at the fifth congress of the islamic groups in aleppo in 1944 did they assume the common name of the muslim brotherhood. The islamist uprising in syria comprised a series of revolts and armed insurgencies by sunni islamists, mainly members of the muslim brotherhood from 1976 until 1982. In syria, as well as in egypt, the muslim brotherhood was one of the main. Muslim brotherhood in syria throughout its fifty years of activity in syria, the muslim brotherhood has been principally an opposition movement that has never held political power. Since 2011, the syria muslim brotherhood smb, hereafter activism has been going through a shift at both political and military level.
The muslim brotherhood prepares for a comeback in syria. Muslim brotherhood joins war in syria israel may be faced with a choice of two evils if assad falls. Pdf syria muslim brotherhood after the arab spring. Muslim brotherhood stars in syria and egypt the times of. Pdf the islamist uprising in syria between 1976 and 1982 remains. Inspired by islamic reformers muhammad abduh and rashid rida, he believed that islam had lost its social dominance to corrupt western influences and british. Here is a breakdown of the groups ideology and roots. List of books and articles about muslim brotherhood. In syria, america allies with the muslim brotherhood. The muslim brotherhood is committed to a syria in which citizenship is the basis of rights and duties, and syrians can reconstruct their unified civil society where the concept of majority and. The syrian muslim brotherhood and the asad regime pages 1. Looming large in the problems of the jihadi current in syria has been the influence of the muslim brotherhood, whose history provides a good example of the lifecycle of a radical jihadi movement. Elbarasse was a member of the palestine committee, which the muslim brotherhood had created to support hamas in the united states.
How the muslim brotherhood hijacked syrias revolution. According to party leaders, the brotherhood has renounced violence and adopted a more reformist platform calling for the establishment of a pluralistic democratic political system. Aside from the muslim brotherhood in israel proper, the terrorist organization hamas was founded as the palestinian chapter of the muslim brotherhood. Its rebirth was bolstered in 2005 and 2006 by saif alislam gadhafis initiatives. Muslim brotherhood in syria counter extremism project. After the 1982 massacre, the muslim brotherhood ceased to exist in syria as an official party, but the group currently has headquarters in london, cyprus and turkey. Judith and sidney swartz director the syrian muslim brotherhood and theprof. Lefevre has produced a richly detailed, wellwritten, and sober analytical account of the history of syrias muslim brotherhood. The muslim brotherhood has established its own militia inside syria as the countrys rebels fracture between radical islamists and their rivals, commanders and. It has form, shape and substance connuaon of the preceding page and a descripon of the 4 disnct phases employed against the united states.
The syrian muslim brotherhoods struggle for survival 2 representative of the diversity of the syrian mosaic. This effectively prevented the shields from joining major rebel alliances such as the. Carnegie middle east center aron lund paper may 7, 20. A brief report, pomed 23 june 2011, theantalyaconference. In reality, the fsa has long been coopted by the muslim brotherhood as has the syrian national council, which was set up early on to pose as the overarching framework of the opposition. Dear friend, this morning, the muslim public affairs council mpac joined interfaith, human rights. Muslim brotherhood establishes militia inside syria. Mailing address counterpunch po box 228 petrolia, ca 95558 telephone 1707 6293683. The syrian uprising part ii the muslim brotherhood in syria.
The first cracks between the brotherhood and the syrian establishment. The muslim brotherhood in syria and its role in syrias current situation malgorzata samojedny department of political and legal doctrines faculty of law, administration and economics university of wroclaw abstract. Until russias late september 2015 military intervention in syria and especially after russian documentation of turkish support for syrias islamists and jihadists, western governments and mediawith rare exceptions like hershignored turkeys role. But its power grabs have already played a major role in perpetuating the current crisis, and they bode ill for. The muslim brotherhood came up frequently during the gcc rift. Algeria, jordan, iraq, syria, sudan, somalia, yemen, and even israel. Banned in syria, muslim brotherhood members trickle home. The muslim brotherhood was syrias strongest opposition faction. Though the syrian muslim brotherhood smb was not part of the social movement. Obamas muslim brotherhood strategy, the war against. Syrias muslim brotherhood would support nato intervention to help the opposition topple assad, and it has published a manifesto outlining its vision of a future democratic state that makes no.
It will be studied the organizations foundation in the 1930s, the radicalization in 1970s, its subsequent. With its leadership elections officially due to take place in july 2014, the syrian muslim brotherhood is bracing to overcome internal divisions in order to elect its new comptroller general on time. The brotherhoods merging of islam and socialism may seem cynical, but it was. Federal investigators found the document in the home of ismael elbarasse, a founder of the dar alhijrah mosque in falls church, virginia, during a 2004 search. Included in the documents seized during the raid of nadas swiss villa was a 14page plan written in arabic and dated december 1, 1982, which outlines a 12point strategy to establish. The muslim brotherhood was syrias strongest opposition faction when the uprising against bashar alassad erupted in march 2011, but it was entirely based in exile. Brotherhood, were known by various names, though among themselves they referred to the movement in general as shabab muhammad the youth of muhammad. Roots, issues and implications 363 and last but not least, there is the role that kuwait played in the conflict. Muslim brotherhoods deliberate, premeditated plan now. The muslim brotherhood is the most powerful group in syrias exiled political opposition network. Istanbul the muslim brotherhood is set to open offices in syria for the first time since the organization was crushed there decades ago, in an apparent effort to capitalize on the increasingly. The uprising was aimed against the authority of the secular baath partycontrolled government of syria, in what has been called a long campaign of terror. Egyptian revolution against the muslim brotherhood 20.
Syrian ikhwan members contested in parliamentary elections, served in cabinets. Islamic identity and moreover, advocate an islamist project combining the social. Having played a role in every iteration of syrian politics since the country gained independence in 1946, the muslim brotherhood were the most prominent opposition group in syria on the eve of the 2011 uprising. The muslim brotherhood in syria and its role in syrias. This policy compelled the brotherhood to forego its islamist agenda and pursue more or less a pragmatic policy. This effectively prevented the shields from joining major rebel alliances such as.
Whereas the founder of the muslim brotherhood in egypt, hasan albanna, aspired. Shai feldman asad regimeassociate directorkristina cherniahivsky dr. Early opposed to secular tendencies in islamic nations and also antibritish and antizionist, the organization has sought to foster a return to the original precepts of the quran. Syrias muslim brotherhood is gaining influence over anti. The muslim brotherhood in syria by dara conduit august 2019. Exiled muslim brotherhood plans return to syria the. But when unrest broke out in march 2011, few brotherhood flags and slogans were to be found within the burgeoning protest movement. In its most recent april 2012 manifesto, it pledges to respect individual rights. Muslim brotherhood calls for victory day rally in support of morsi. Whereas the founder of the muslim brotherhood in egypt, hasan al banna, aspired.
The brotherhood traces its origins to the 1930s, when the syrian people were engaged in their struggle to achieve national independence from french rule. Muslim brotherhood, officially jamiat alikhwan almuslimun arab. Beirut ap for syrias banned muslim brotherhood, the uprising against president bashar assad that erupted amid arab spring revolts in 2011. The muslim brotherhood is a global organization with representatives in each muslim or muslims minority country. Liad poratassistant director for researchnaghmeh sohrabi, phd in april 2009, the then leader of the syrian muslim brotherhoodsenior fellows ikhwan, ali sadr aldin albayanuni, announced an end toabdel monem said aly, phd the brotherhoods. Syrias muslim brotherhood sought on monday to defuse fears that islamist extremists were seizing syrian territory, saying that a united front controlled land captured by the rebels. The muslim brotherhood of syria lasted until 1982, when heavy government actions were successful in. Muslim brotherhood stars in syria and egypt libyas transitional government is losing control of the country and one egyptian columnist believes the military staged a coup. Us muslim brotherhood joins coalition demanding obama. The muslim brotherhood in syria dara conduit download.
Syrias chaos is a warning of egypts possible future while the us decries the recent court decision in cairo sentencing over 500 members of the muslim brotherhood to death claiming the move defies logic, considering what the brotherhood laid the groundwork for in syria, the egyptian government has made a very logical move. The muslim brotherhood in syria cambridge university press. The role of the muslim brotherhood in the syrian civil war middle. This paper explores various elements of this shift to explain the expansion of smb political opportunity structure. The muslim brotherhood knows it has a long way to go before taking control of syria. The muslim brotherhood mb has been in the news lately as one of the reasons. Membership of the brotherhood remains punishable by death in syria more than 30 years after president bashar alassads father outlawed the group, but the exiles are filtering back mainly into. At a meeting of syrias opposition, muslim brotherhood officials gather round marxists colleagues, nudging them to produce policy statements for. In contrast to its sister organization in egypt, the muslim brotherhood in syria began by engaging in the politics of parliamentary democracy at the time of the countrys independence in 1946. The objective of this paper is to draw briefly the history of the muslim brotherhood in syria and its relation with the syrian politics. Brotherhood merged with other islamic groups in sumption that the regime has comparatively.
One brotherhood representative interviewed in early autumn 2012 said, the muslim brotherhood unreservedly supports the syrian revolution, but we do not have groups of our own inside syria. While the obama administrations burgeoning contacts with the muslim brotherhood in egypt continue to cause controversy, the administrations policy of growing cooperation with the syrian. During the violent events islamists attacked both civilians and off. He does an outstanding job of bringing together a wide range of english, french, and arabic sources to convincingly place the syrian brotherhood within its local political context. It is a sunni, panislamic organization based in cairo. President hafiz alassad maintains a firm grip on power in syria, but. Ali albayanouni the muslim brotherhood wants a future. Alikhwan almuslimun fi suriya, formerly the islamic socialist front, has been described as a branch of the sunni islamist muslim brotherhood, and as being very loosely affiliated to the egyptian muslim brotherhood.