Terms etiology pathogenesis morphologic changes functional derangements and clinical manifestations. Practice test pathology quiz 1 cellular adaptations cell injury and. Traditionally, we have left the study of these things to physiologists and pharmacologists. In the following quiz on cells, well be looking at how all of this can occur and what the processes are behind it. They may be tiny little things that make up our bodies, but believe it or not, cells can become injured and. Quia cellular adaptations, cell injury, and cell death. In general, permanent organ injury is associated with the death of individual cells. Cell injury, cell death,and adaptations 215 free download as powerpoint presentation. Localized area of ischaemic necrosis is mostly associated with. Chapter 1 cellular adaption cellular adaptations cell. Cell injury, adaptation, and necrosis apoptosis and. Role of free radicals in disease causation and antioxidants in their prevention.
When cells are injured, one of two patterns will generally result. Normal cell injury er and mitochondria swelling, membrane blebs, and clumping of chromatin recovery to normal cell or death more er swelling and loss of ribosomes, lysosome rupture, and nuclear condensation necrosis via cell membrane and nucleus fragmentation. Remember that such cell adaptations are invisible by light microscopy. Cell injury may be sublethal and result in a variety of types of cell degenerations or accumulations andor adaptations by the cell to the injury. Within certain limits, injury is reversible, and cells return to a stable baseline. Cell injury and adaptation very nice presentation ppt. Cell injury persistent stress often leads to chronic cell injury. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. View test prep practice test from nurs 4510 at georgia state university. Chapter 1 cellular adaptations, cell injury, and cell death 5 if the limits of adaptive response to a stimulus are exceeded, or in certain instances when the cell is exposed to an injurious agent or stress, a sequence of events follows that is loosely termed cell injury. Just like bones, muscles and skin, your cells too can become injured. Death of cell groups death of individual cells necrosis. Cell injury, cell death and adaptations by daniyal.
Reversible injury may require cellular adaptation but the cell survives. Define and understand the morphologic patterns of lethal cell injury and the clinical settings in which they occur. Cellular adaptation to injury cellular adaptations can be induced andor regulated at any of a number of regulatory steps including receptor binding, signal transduction, gene transcription or protein synthesis the most common morphologically apparent adaptive changes are atrophy decrease in cell size hypertrophy increase in. An example of hypertrophy would be a liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy b breast development at puberty c the uterus during pregnancy d the uterus during menstruation e a papillomavirus induced skin wart 2. Cell injury, adaptation, and death fix linkedin slideshare.
Study 299 quiz 1 cellular adaptation flashcards from aubrey j. Cell injury, cell death, and adaptations new age medical. This chapter will discuss cellular adaptation, cell injury, cellular accumulations, and cellular aging. Offer a brief description of the basic organization of a cell and of the organization of tissues, organs, and organ systems 2.
Types of necrosis and apoptosis definition, caspase programmed cell death bleb fas ligand fat duration. Apoptosis 28 cell death can also occur through apoptosis it may be physiological deletion of selected cells e. The pattern of cell death that is characterized by the conversion of a single cell to an acidophilic body, usually with loss of the nucleus but with preservation of its shape to permit recognition of cell boundaries is termed. Practice test pathology quiz 1 cellular adaptations cell. In essence, cells or tissues respond to injury or stress in three important ways. Coagulative liquefactive caseous fatty gangrenous necrosis is large area of. Hypoxia, or loss of the ability to carry on sufficient aerobic oxidative respiration, is the most common cause of. A cell can adapt to a certain point, but if the stimulus continues beyond that point, failure of the cell, and hence the organ, can result. This chapter will present an overview of how the pathologist views mechanisms of irreversible cell injury cell death, reversible cell injury, and the organisms response to both. Questions for the examination of the pathology general medicine 1.
The stronger and the longer the stimulus, the larger the damage response to a given stimulus depends on the type, status, and genetic makeup of the injured cell. First, in order to preserve the viability of the cell, adaptive changes appear. Answer c answerd answer e hyperplasia refers to an increase in cell size. Discriminate cell adaptation, reversible cell injury and irreversible cell injury cell death based on etiology, pathogenesis and histological and ultrastructural appearance.
Pathology quiz 1 cellular adaptations, cell injury, and cell death 1. If these changes and stimuli are minor or brief, the cell adapts. Irreversible cell injury is characterised by a dispersion of ribosomes b cell swelling c nuclear chromatin clumping d lysosomal rupture e cell membrane defects 11. Check your knowledge of different types of irreversible cellular damage using this interactive quiz and printable worksheet. Cellular adaptations, injury, and death veterian key. Cell death but with preservation of cell outline and tissue structure. If the adaptive capability is exceeded or if the external stress is inherently harmful, cell injury develops fig. Programmed cell death pcd, referring to apoptosis, autophagy and programmed necrosis, is proposed to be death of a cell in any pathological format, when mediated by an intracellular program.
What do you know about the ins and outs of cell injury, as well as what causes there are and what preventative measures can be taken. Oxygen deprivation reason hypoxia ischemia loss of blood supply in a tissue due to impeded arterial flow or reduced venous drainage inadequate oxygenation of blood pnemonia reduction in oxygen carrying capacity of blood blood loss anaemia or co. Injury inherently injurious harmful, cell mild, injury develops fig. With regard to mechanisms of cellular adaptation, which of the following statements is. Cellular adaptations, cell injury, and cell death monday feb 7. Pathology of cell injury for medical education webpath. Quiz 1 cellular adaptation pathophysiology nurs8022 with. They are capable of adjusting their structure and functions in response to various physiological and pathological conditions. Taking a look at everything that can damage our bodies, this quiz and corresponding worksheet will help you gauge your knowledge of physical cell injury.
Pathology basics of cell injury, cell death necrosis. Contrast ischemia in skeletal muscle tolerates 2 hours versus cardiac muscle tolerate 20. Cell injury it is change in cells morphology and function in response to stress. What are the physical characteristics and causes of certain types of cell death. Cell adaptation, injury, and death necrosis apoptosis. Oxygen deprivation to tissue ischemia leading to a form of tissue damage termed an infarct is of notable clinical significance e. Most injurious stimuli can be grouped into the following broad categories. Adaptation and reversible injury patterns of tissue.
Normal cell is in a steady statehomeostasis change in homeostasis due to stimuli injury injury reversible irreversible adaptation cell death 3. Cell injury, adaptation and death mit opencourseware. Within certain limits injury is reversible, and cells return to a stable baseline. Cell injury occurs when the limits to an adaptive response adaptation have been exceeded or if the cells are not able to adapt. When cell death occurs in the living body, the term necrosis is used. Adaptation, injury, and death sesilia andriani keban, msi. Cell injury, cell death,and adaptations 215 atrophy. Cell adaptation, cell injury and cell death flashcards from onecia hannibals class online, or in brainscapes iphone or android app. In hypoxic cell injury, cell swelling occurs because of increased intracellular. A 48yearold woman has a malignant lymphoma involving lymph nodes in the paraaortic region. Growth adaptations, cell injury, cell death youtube. By contrast, the cellular response to persistent sublethal injury, whether chemical or physical, reflects adaptation of the cell to a hostile environment.
Cellular swelling is the result of failure of energydependent ion pumps in the plasma membrane, leading to an inability to maintain ionic and fluid homeostasis. In this video, ive touched the pathology from the very basic concepts that are. Causes of cell injury the causes of cell injury range from the external gross physical violence of an automobile accident to subtle internal abnormalities, such as a genetic mutation causing lack of a vital enzyme that impairs normal metabolic function. Cell injury and adaptation very nice presentation ppt if this is your first visit, be sure to check out the faq by clicking the link above. When cells adapt to injury, their adaptive changes can be atrophy, hypertrophy, hyperplasia, or metaplasia. The myocardium adapts to increased workload by hypertrophy and. When the limits of adaptive responses are exceeded cell injury occurs, initially reversibl, then irreversible leading to cell death. She is treated with a chemotherapeutic agent which results in the loss of individual neoplastic cells through fragmentation of individual cell nuclei and cytoplasm. The main mechanism of cell injury involves the formation of free radicals and examples include carbon tetrachloride ccl 4once widely used in the dry cleaning industry but now bannedand the analgesic acetaminophen ccl 4 is converted to the toxic free radical principally in the liver, and this free radical is the cause of cell injury.
Cell injury and disease mild cell injury intracellular accumulations adaptations of cell growth and differentiation severe cell injury and cell death after studying this chapter you should be able to. Manifestations of cellular injury calcium infiltration cellular death necrosis cellular changes after local cell death and the process of cellular autodigestion selfdigestion 4 types of necrosis. Cell response to injury is not an allornothing phenomenon. Pinocytosis 2006 a adds to the cell membrane b is the uptake of small particulate matter c is the vacuolisation of the cell. Dystrophic calcification is most closely associated with.